Exercise training modalities in cardiovascular disease exert beneficial effects by modulating molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system.
This review highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of various exercise training modalities on skeletal muscle and endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular disease.
For decades, we have known that exercise training exerts beneficial effects on the human body, and clear evidence is available that a higher fitness level is associated with a lower incidence of suffering premature cardiovascular death. Despite this knowledge, it took some time to also incorporate physical exercise training into the treatment plan for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In recent years, in addition to continuous exercise training, further training modalities such as high-intensity interval training and pyramid training have been introduced for coronary artery disease patients. The beneficial effect for patients with CVD is clearly documented, and during the last years, we have also started to understand the molecular mechanisms occurring in the skeletal muscle (limb muscle and diaphragm) and endothelium, two systems contributing to exercise intolerance in these patients. In the present review, we describe the effects of the different training modalities in CVD and summarize the molecular effects mainly in the skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system.
Adams et al. (Sat,) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease. Exercise training was evaluated. Exercise training modalities in cardiovascular disease exert beneficial effects by modulating molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system.