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As presented in 1, the fourth industrial revolution is coming: one which promises to marry the worlds of production and network connectivity in an Internet of Things (IOT). "Smart production" becomes the norm in a world where intelligent information and communication technology or ICT-based machines, systems and networks are capable of independently exchanging and responding to information to manage industrial production processes. Smart industry refers to the technological evolution from embedded systems to cyber-physical systems. The deployment of cyber- physical systems in production systems creates the smart factory. In this context, it is expected that smart factories, smart products, smart materials and smart machines are characterized by cyber-physical systems. There is a need to understand smart products in this context.
Murofushi et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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