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Significance A key feature in the evolution of all vernalization systems is a cold-regulated component. In pooid grasses, up-regulation of the flowering promoter VERNALIZATION1 ( VRN1 ) by prolonged cold is a key feature of vernalization, although little is known about the genes that repress VRN1 prior to cold exposure or activate it afterward. Here, we report the identification of REPRESSOR OF VERNALIZATION1 ( RVR1 ), a repressor of VRN1 that is involved in creating a vernalization requirement in Brachypodium distachyon . RVR1 is present in all sequenced flowering plant genomes but is not found outside the plant kingdom. This report describes a role for the RVR1 class of genes in plants and an upstream component of the VRN1 regulatory system.
Woods et al. (Mon,) studied this question.