Obese (OR 1.28, P=0.008), severely underweight (OR 1.29, P<0.0001), and underweight (OR 1.39, P=0.002) status were associated with increased risk of composite adverse perioperative outcomes.
Cohort (n=18,337)
Yes
Does extreme body mass index (obesity or underweight status) increase the risk of adverse perioperative outcomes in patients aged 10 to 35 years undergoing congenital heart operations?
Both obesity and underweight status are independent risk factors for adverse perioperative composite outcomes in children, adolescents, and young adults undergoing congenital heart surgery.
Odds Ratio: 1.28
p-value: p=0.008
Background: Extreme body mass index (BMI; either very high or very low) has been associated with increased risk of adverse perioperative outcome in adults undergoing cardiac surgery. The effect of BMI on perioperative outcomes in congenital heart disease patients has not been evaluated. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed studying patients 10 to 35 years of age undergoing a congenital heart disease operation in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2015. The primary outcomes were operative mortality and a composite outcome (1 or more of operative mortality, major adverse event, prolonged hospital length of stay, and wound infection/dehiscence). The associations between age- and sex-adjusted BMI percentiles and these outcomes were assessed, with adjustment for patient-level risk factors, with multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of 18 337 patients (118 centers), 16% were obese, 15% were overweight, 53% were normal weight, 7% were underweight, and 9% were severely underweight. Observed risks of operative mortality ( P =0.04) and composite outcome ( P <0.0001) were higher in severely underweight and obese subjects. Severely underweight BMI was associated with increased unplanned cardiac operation and reoperation for bleeding. Obesity was associated with increased risk of wound infection. In multivariable analysis, the association between BMI and operative mortality was no longer significant. Obese (odds ratio, 1.28; P =0.008), severely underweight (odds ratio, 1.29; P <0.0001), and underweight (odds ratio, 1.39; P =0.002) subjects were associated with increased risk of composite outcome. Conclusions: Obesity and underweight BMI were associated with increased risk of composite adverse outcome independently of other risk factors. Further research is necessary to determine whether BMI represents a modifiable risk factor for perioperative outcome.
O’Byrne et al. (2017) conducted a cohort in Congenital heart disease (n=18,337). Extreme body mass index (obesity and underweight) vs. Normal weight was evaluated on Operative mortality and a composite outcome (1 or more of operative mortality, major adverse event, prolonged hospital length of stay, and wound infection/dehiscence) (OR 1.28, p=0.008). Obese (OR 1.28, P=0.008), severely underweight (OR 1.29, P<0.0001), and underweight (OR 1.39, P=0.002) status were associated with increased risk of composite adverse perioperative outcomes.