3D reconstruction of sheep and rat cardiomyocytes revealed the sarcoplasmic reticulum forms a continuous network linking transverse-tubules, which undergoes structural remodeling in heart failure.
High-resolution 3D reconstruction reveals the sarcoplasmic reticulum forms a continuous cell-wide network linking t-tubules, which undergoes significant structural remodeling in heart failure.
RATIONALE: The organization of the transverse-tubular (t-t) system and relationship to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) underpins cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. The architecture of the SR, and relationship with the t-ts, is not well characterized at the whole-cell level. Furthermore, little is known regarding changes to SR ultrastructure in heart failure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to unravel interspecies differences and commonalities between the relationship of SR and t-t networks within cardiac myocytes, as well as the modifications that occur in heart failure, using a novel high-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) imaging technique. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using serial block face imaging coupled with scanning electron microscopy and image analysis, we have generated 3D reconstructions of whole cardiomyocytes from sheep and rat left ventricle, revealing that the SR forms a continuous network linking t-ts throughout the cell in both species. In sheep, but not rat, the SR has an intimate relationship with the sarcolemma forming junctional domains. 3D reconstructions also reveal details of the sheep t-t system. Using a model of tachypacing-induced heart failure, we show that there are populations of swollen and collapsed t-ts, patches of SR tangling, and disorder with rearrangement of the mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS: We provide the first high-resolution 3D structure of the SR network showing that it forms a cell-wide communication pipeline facilitating Ca(2+) diffusion, buffering, and synchronicity. The distribution of the SR within the cell is related to interspecies differences in excitation-contraction coupling, and we report the first detailed analysis of SR remodeling as a result of heart failure.
Pinali et al. (Wed,) conducted a other in Heart failure. Tachypacing-induced heart failure vs. Normal cardiomyocytes was evaluated on 3D structure of the SR network and t-t system. 3D reconstruction of sheep and rat cardiomyocytes revealed the sarcoplasmic reticulum forms a continuous network linking transverse-tubules, which undergoes structural remodeling in heart failure.