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Issues of complexity are taking primacy as research increasingly reflects the complexity of the world around us. Although advances in science have resulted in dramatic improvements in health and longevity worldwide, there is increasing recognition that the effectiveness even of apparently simple interventions is often influenced by complex interplays of individual characteristics, social determinants, the health care delivery system, and the interventions themselves. Systematic reviews of topics, such as slum upgrading 1,2, behavioral interventions for autism 3,4, smoking cessation in pregnancy 5, and the integration of mental health in primary care 6,7, illustrate that the boundaries of traditional reviews and review methods are being expanded and that reviewers are in need of guidance and tools to address this new approach.
Guise et al. (Sat,) studied this question.