Mechanical Activation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Drives Endothelial Dysfunction at Atheroprone Sites

Mechanical low shear stress activates HIF1α at atheroprone regions of arteries via nuclear factor-κB and Cezanne. HIF1α promotes atherosclerosis initiation at these sites by inducing excessive EC proliferation and inflammation via the induction of glycolysis enzymes.