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Abstract The innate immunity protein Tag7 (PGRP‐S, PGLYRP1) is involved in antimicrobial and antitumor defense. As shown in our previous studies, Tag7 specifically interacts with the major heat shock protein Hsp70 to form a stable Tag7–Hsp70 complex with cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. A stable complex of Tag7 with the calcium‐binding protein Mts1 (S100A4) stimulates migration of lymphocytes. Moreover, Tag7 can activate cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize and kill HLA‐negative tumor cells. Here, we have shown that Tag 7 treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) results in activation of different cytotoxic lymphocyte populations—natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 + NKG2D + T lymphocytes—that kill Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) infected SC‐1 cells using different mechanisms of cell death induction. This mechanism in NK cells is based on the release of granzymes, which activate apoptosis in target cells, while CD8 + NKG2D + T lymphocytes recognize the noncanonical MicA antigen on the surface of virus‐containing cells and kill them via the FasL–Fas interaction, triggering the apoptotic or necroptotic cell death pathway. Preliminary incubation of PBMCs with virus‐infected cells and following incubation with Tag7 results in activation of lymphocytes with a different phenotype. These lymphocytes change the spectrum of target cells and the mechanism of cell death induction, and their interaction with target cells is not species‐specific. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(12):971–977, 2017
Sharapova et al. (Mon,) studied this question.