Appropriate use criteria for transthoracic echocardiography: Are they relevant to European centers?

BACKGROUND: There is a growing interest in appropriate use criteria (AUC) for cardiovascular imaging referrals in Europe. These criteria, developed by American subspecialty societies, have been in use since 2007 and show a temporal reduction in inappropriate transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) requests. When applied to European centers, inappropriate referral rates as high as 15% have been observed. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of TTE referrals for appropriateness and major abnormality detection was conducted over a two-month period at Cork University Hospital (CUH). RESULTS: Overall, 1277 requests were assessed, of which 97.7% were classifiable. Of the 1235 classifiable studies, 1049 (84.9%) were appropriate, 135 (10.9%) were inappropriate, and 51 (4.1%) were uncertain. Main indications were the evaluation of cardiac structure and function (496, 40.2%), hypertension, heart failure or cardiomyopathy (349, 28.3%), and valvular function (228, 18.5%). Inappropriate referral rates were significantly higher for outpatients compared to inpatients (13.8% vs 7.1%, P < .05) and cardiologist referrals compared to noncardiologists (13.1 vs 8.0%, P < .05), while one in three requests for the evaluation of valvular function (32.5%) were inappropriate. Compared to inappropriate studies, appropriate and uncertain scans had a greater prevalence of ≥1 major abnormalities (33.6% vs 19.3%, P < .001) and greater detection rates of new abnormalities (27.6% vs 13.3%, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Application of the 2011 AUC yields similar results to those reported from the US. The application of said criteria to our center could avoid one of every ten scans currently ordered.