Oral edoxaban was noninferior to subcutaneous dalteparin for the composite outcome of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding (HR 0.97) in patients with cancer-associated VTE.
RCT (n=1,050)
Open-label
1:1 ratio, stratified
Yes
Does oral edoxaban reduce the composite outcome of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding in patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism compared to subcutaneous dalteparin?
In patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism, oral edoxaban is noninferior to subcutaneous dalteparin for preventing recurrent VTE or major bleeding, despite a higher rate of major bleeding.
Effect estimate: HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.70-1.36)
Absolute Event Rate: 12.8% vs 13.5%
p-value: p=0.006
BACKGROUND: Low-molecular-weight heparin is the standard treatment for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. The role of treatment with direct oral anticoagulant agents is unclear. METHODS: In this open-label, noninferiority trial, we randomly assigned patients with cancer who had acute symptomatic or incidental venous thromboembolism to receive either low-molecular-weight heparin for at least 5 days followed by oral edoxaban at a dose of 60 mg once daily (edoxaban group) or subcutaneous dalteparin at a dose of 200 IU per kilogram of body weight once daily for 1 month followed by dalteparin at a dose of 150 IU per kilogram once daily (dalteparin group). Treatment was given for at least 6 months and up to 12 months. The primary outcome was a composite of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding during the 12 months after randomization, regardless of treatment duration. RESULTS: Of the 1050 patients who underwent randomization, 1046 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. A primary-outcome event occurred in 67 of the 522 patients (12.8%) in the edoxaban group as compared with 71 of the 524 patients (13.5%) in the dalteparin group (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.70 to 1.36; P=0.006 for noninferiority; P=0.87 for superiority). Recurrent venous thromboembolism occurred in 41 patients (7.9%) in the edoxaban group and in 59 patients (11.3%) in the dalteparin group (difference in risk, -3.4 percentage points; 95% CI, -7.0 to 0.2). Major bleeding occurred in 36 patients (6.9%) in the edoxaban group and in 21 patients (4.0%) in the dalteparin group (difference in risk, 2.9 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.1 to 5.6). CONCLUSIONS: Oral edoxaban was noninferior to subcutaneous dalteparin with respect to the composite outcome of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding. The rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism was lower but the rate of major bleeding was higher with edoxaban than with dalteparin. (Funded by Daiichi Sankyo; Hokusai VTE Cancer ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02073682 .).
Raskob et al. (Tue,) conducted a rct in Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (n=1,050). Edoxaban vs. Dalteparin (200 IU/kg once daily for 1 month, then 150 IU/kg once daily) was evaluated on Composite of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.70-1.36, p=0.006). Oral edoxaban was noninferior to subcutaneous dalteparin for the composite outcome of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding (HR 0.97) in patients with cancer-associated VTE.