Industrial symbiosis within eco‐industrial parks: Sustainable development for Borg El‐Arab in Egypt

Abstract This paper explores how industrial symbiosis within eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) can help advance sustainable development in Egypt. Based on industrial ecology theory, this study focuses on the industrial zone of Borg El‐Arab near Alexandria and explores possibilities to transform it, or parts of it, into an EIP. It identifies opportunities for possible by‐product exchange in the third industrial zone of Borg El‐Arab, which has the highest solid waste output. The study then presents a pilot model of a brownfield EIP and suggests that the benefits from exchange of by‐products would be enhanced even further if some factories are created to close the loop of industrial processes in the zone (brick production, animal feed, fish farms, and organic fertilizer production). These conclusions confirm that there is potential to improve environmental performance of the Borg El‐Arab Industrial City and align it with national and global sustainable development goals.