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Effective passivation and stabilization of both the inside and interface of a perovskite layer are crucial for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), in terms of efficiency, reproducibility, and stability. Here, the first formamidinium lead iodide (δ-FAPbI3 ) polymorph passivated and stabilized MAPbI3 PSCs are reported. This novel MAPbI3 /δ-FAPbI3 structure is realized via treating a mixed organic cation MA x FA1-x PbI3 perovskite film with methylamine (MA) gas. In addition to the morphology healing, MA gas can also induce the formation of δ-FAPbI3 phase within the perovskite film. The in situ formed 1D δ-FAPbI3 polymorph behaves like an organic scaffold that can passivate the trap state, tunnel contact, and restrict organic-cation diffusion. As a result, the device efficiency is easily boosted to 21%. Furthermore, the stability of the MAPbI3 /δ-FAPbI3 film is also obviously improved. This δ-FAPbI3 phase passivation strategy opens up a new direction of perovskite structure modification for further improving stability without sacrificing efficiency.
Zhang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.