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Using low cost and small size light emitting diodes (LED) as the alternative illumination source for photoacoustic (PA) imaging has many advantages, and can largely benefit the clinical translation of the emerging PA imaging technology. Here, we present our development of LED-based PA imaging integrated with B-mode ultrasound. To overcome the challenge of achieving sufficient signal-to-noise ratio by the LED light that is orders of magnitude weaker than lasers, extensive signal averaging over hundreds of pulses is performed. Facilitated by the fast response of the LED and the high-speed driving as well as the high pulse repetition rate up to 16 kHz, B-mode PA images superimposed on gray-scale ultrasound of a biological sample can be achieved in real-time with frame rate up to 500 Hz. The LED-based PA imaging could be a promising tool for several clinical applications, such as assessment of peripheral microvascular function and dynamic changes, diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, and detection of head and neck cancer.
Zhu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.