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Solar cells convert sun light into electricity, but have the major drawbacks of high initial cost, low photo-conversion efficiency and intermittency. The current-voltage characteristics of the solar cells depend on solar insolation level and temperature, which lead to the variation of the maximum power point (MPP). Herein, to improve photovoltaic (PV) system efficiency, and increase the lifetime of the battery, a microcontroller-based battery charge controller with maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is designed for harvesting the maximum power available from the PV system under given insolation and temperature conditions. Among different MPPT techniques, perturb and observe (P&O) technique gives excellent results and thus is used. This work involves the design of MPPT charge controller using DC/DC buck converter and microcontroller. A prototype MPPT charge controller is tested with a 200 W PV panel and lead acid battery. The results show that the designed MPPT controller improves the efficiency of the PV panel when compared to conventional charge controllers.
Salman et al. (Thu,) studied this question.