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The authors explore the differences between adolescents who have a sense of belonging in their families and adolescents who do not using six variables: self-esteem, locus of control, sense of belonging in school, sense of belonging in the community, time spent with family, and level of involvement in school and community activities. The two groups were found to be significantly different with respect to all six variables. The importance of this research for clinicians working with adolescents and families is discussed.
Chubb et al. (Tue,) studied this question.