A Framework Utilizing Augmented Reality to Enhance the Teaching–Learning Experience of Linear Control Systems

In recent years, engineering education has become more complex, more uncertain and more interdisciplinary. It is therefore important to supplement the theoretical introduction of technical topics and concepts with practical, learning by doing experiences, so as to maximize the learning outcome. When introduced to challenging technical concepts and topics through conventional diagrams and equations, such as those found in textbooks, many students have difficulty with visualization; limiting their ability to gain a deep understanding of the concept. The computer visualization (using Virtual Reality or Augmented Reality (AR)) has apparently become a problem-solving tool in engineering education. AR can overlay 3D virtual objects to a particular real-world context and is an effective way to enhance the visualization and as a result, the understanding of technical concepts. One topic commonly challenging for students to understand is the stability analysis of linear time-invariant control systems. To address this, this paper introduces the framework of a tabletop AR learning environment based on the tangible user interface (TUI) and consisting of a fixed VGA camera with a display screen.