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After the US-backed international military alliance toppled the Taliban in Afghanistan in 2001, most Afghan militants took shelter in neighboring Pakistan, blending into Pakistan’s tribal groups. Even though Pakistan took a variety of measures to control its border, the Pakistan–Afghanistan border has become a safe haven for Afghan and Pakistani militant groups. Despite mounting militancy along the border, especially after the fall of the Taliban, the Pakistani government opted for a defensive border strategy and started erecting a border fence. Left with few options, in 2017, the Pakistani government switched to an offensive border strategy by giving a shoot-to-kill order against anyone who illegally crosses the border. This article examines the rationale behind Pakistan’s different border strategies by analyzing the security dynamics along the Pakistan–Afghanistan border.
Laçin İdil Öztığ (Tue,) studied this question.