Diffusive methane emissions from temperate semi-intensive carp ponds

Globally averaged atmospheric methane (CH 4 ) concentration has increased from approximately 650 to 1810 ppb since the pre-industrial era (Saunois et al. 2016). Freshwater environments play an important role in the global carbon cycle (Cole et al. 2007, Battin et al. 2008), and recent CH 4 global emissions surveys from freshwater ecosystems have shown that natural lakes, man-made reservoirs, and river systems, especially in tropical areas, are significant sources of CH 4 emissions to the atmosphere (Bastviken et al. 2011, Borges et al. 2015b). Data from smaller artificial water bodies used for aquaculture are scarce, yet small natural lakes, reservoirs, and fishponds play an important role in carbon cycling (Downing 2010, Abnizova et al. 2012).