Long-term NO2 exposures and cause-specific mortality in American older adults

BACKGROUND: ) on cause-specific mortality is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: exposure and evaluate confounding of this association. METHODS: into its spatial and spatio-temporal components. RESULTS: and behavioral factors. CONCLUSIONS: exposures on increased mortality from all-causes, CVD, respiratory disease, IHD, CBV, and cancer and provide new evidence of their impact on mortality from pneumonia. Unmeasured confounding of these associations was present, however, demonstrating the need to understand sources of this confounding.