Diagnosis and Classification of Typhoon-Associated Low-Altitude Turbulence Using HKO-TDWR Radar Observations and Machine Learning

Turbulence has been one of the major concerns for aviation safety. This paper applies evolutionary machine learning (ML) technology to turbulence level classification for civil aviation. An artificial neural network ML approach based on radar observation is developed for classifying the cubed root of the Eddy Dissipation Rate (EDR) 1/3 , an accepted measure of turbulence intensity. The approach is validated using Typhoon weather data collected by Hong Kong Observatory's Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) located near Hong Kong International Airport and comparing TDWR EDR 1/3 detections and predictions with in situ EDR 1/3 measured by commercial aircraft. The testing results verified that the ML approach performs reasonably well for both detecting and predicting tasks.