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Nanocellulose has been used as a sustainable nanomaterial for constructing advanced electrochemical energy-storage systems with renewability, lightweight, flexibility, high performance, and satisfying safety. Here, we demonstrate a high-performance all-nanofiber asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) assembled using a forest-based, nanocellulose-derived hierarchical porous carbon (nanocellulose carbon, HPC) anode, a mesoporous nanocellulose membrane separator (nanocellulose separator), and a NiCo 2 O 4 cathode with nanocellulose carbon as the support matrix (nanocellulose cathode, HPC/NiCo 2 O 4 ). HPC has a three-dimensional porous structure comprising interconnected nanofibers with an ultrahigh surface area of 2046 m 2 g –1 . When integrated with the mesoporous feature of the nanocellulose membrane separator, these properties facilitate the quick delivery of both ions and electrons even with a thick (up to several hundreds of micrometers) and highly loaded (5.8 mg cm –2 ) ASC design. Consequently, the all-nanofiber ASC demonstrates a high electrochemical performance (64.83 F g –1 (10.84 F cm –3 ) at 0.25 A g –1 and 32.78 F g –1 or 5.48 F cm –3 at 4 A g –1 ) that surpasses most cellulose-based ASCs ever reported. Moreover, the nanocellulose components promise renewability, low cost, and biodegradability, thereby presenting a promising direction toward high-power, environmentally friendly, and renewable energy-storage devices.
Zhang et al. (Fri,) studied this question.