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Energy storage systems play a crucial role in ensuring stable operation. However, the development of system-level energy storage is hindered due to the restrictions of economy, geography, and other factors. Transitions of traditional power systems into integrated energy distribution systems (IEDS) have provided new solutions to the problems mentioned above. Through intelligent control management methods, the utilization of multi-energy-type resources both on the supply and demand sides shows the potential for equivalent storage characteristics. Inspired by the aggregation principles, this paper aims at proposing a novel model named generalized multi-source energy storage (GMSES), including the modeling and cooperation of three kinds of available resources: conventional energy storage (CES), multi-energy flow resources (MFR), and demand response resources (DRR). Compared with the conventional means of storage, GMSES can be regarded as a more cost-effective and flexible participant in the proposed hierarchical energy scheduling framework that can realize system-level storage services in IEDS. On this basis, a multi-timescale energy scheduling strategy is proposed to reshape the regulation of IEDS operations and deal with the fluctuations caused by renewable energy and loads, where the general parameter serialization (GPS)-based control strategy is utilized to select and control the responsive loads in DRR. Furthermore, a hierarchical scheduling algorithm is developed to generate the optimal set-points of GMSES. Case studies are analyzed in an electricity-gas coupled IEDS. The simulation results show that the coupled co-optimization GMSES model is conducive to achieving the goal of self-management and economical operation, while the influence of the underlying IEDS on the upper energy system is reduced, as the tie-line power fluctuations are smoothed out.
Wang et al. (2019) studied this question.