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As a result of the recent innovations in the deployment of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), this technology can play an important role as a distributed energy resource in supplying the system demand of the power systems of the future. This paper introduces a methodology for optimal coordinated allocation of wind farms (WFs), energy storage systems, and PEV's parking lots considering demand response programs and hourly distribution network reconfiguration in normal and severe contingency conditions. In the proposed methodology, the participation of different types of loads is also examined. The objective function is to minimize the total costs of purchased power from the upstream network and WFs, along with the costs of commercial/industrial loads flexibility and residential loads curtailment. To validate the performance of the proposed methodology, it is implemented on the well-known IEEE 33-bus distribution test system. The simulation results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Kianmehr et al. (Mon,) studied this question.