The effects of shock wave and dry needling on active trigger points of upper trapezius muscle in patients with non-specific neck pain: A randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Chronic neck pain is associated with various myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). OBJECTIVE: A single-blind randomized clinical trial was designed to compare the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) with dry needling (DN) techniques on the upper trapezius muscle trigger point in patients with non-specific neck pain (NSNP). METHODS: Seventy patients with NSNP and active MTrPs of the upper trapezius muscle were randomly divided into two groups: an ESWT group (n= 35) and a DN group (n= 35). Treatment sessions were performed for three weeks and all participants received related intervention once a week. The outcome measures were pain intensity, measured by a numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), pain pressure threshold (PPT), measured with a digital algometer, and functional disability, evaluated by using the neck disability index (NDI). RESULTS: NPRS and NDI were significantly decreased in the DN group and ESWT group (P< 0.05). Also, the PPT was significantly increased in the DN group and ESWT. However, there was no significant difference in pain intensity, NDI, and the PPT between the two groups (P⩾ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both ESWT and DN can be employed to treat MTrPs of the upper trapezius muscle in patients with NSNP.