Through the eyes of a deaf architect: reconsidering conventional critiques of vision-centered architecture

Critics point to an excessive visual emphasis in Western architecture bringing about a weakened sense of belonging, and a disconnection from places and from other people. Architects’ visual way of knowing and working is further criticized for contributing to an alienating “architecture of the eye.” This article seeks to challenge this critique by offering a more nuanced understanding of vision and its connecting potential. To this end, it engages with how a d/Deaf architect, George Balsley, uses and attaches meaning to vision, partially prompted by the highly visual and spatial dynamics inherent to sign language. It relies on several interviews, observations, and a guided tour through a building he helped design, the Sorenson Language and Communication Center (SLCC) in Washington, DC. The article looks specifically into the building’s vision-centered features in relation to George’s d/Deaf ways of being. His way of seeing is reflected in distinct characteristics of the SLCC that sustain (sign) language, mediate interpersonal communication, and facilitate connection to and understanding of spaces – features that are relevant for but also beyond the d/Deaf community. The architecture that issues from George’s d/Deaf ways of seeing thus challenges the critique that vision-centered architecture by definition disconnects.