Leisure-time physical inactivity had a population attributable fraction of 13% for stage-1 hypertension, 25% for stage-2 hypertension, and 8.5% for total cardiovascular events.
Systematic Review
What is the population attributable fraction of coronary artery diseases, hypertension, and stroke due to leisure-time physical inactivity?
Leisure-time physical inactivity accounts for a significant population attributable fraction of hypertension and cardiovascular events, highlighting the importance of physical activity in cardiovascular prevention.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the methods used for estimating the population attributable fraction (PAF) to leisure-time physical inactivity (PI) of coronary artery diseases, hypertension and stroke in order to provide the best available estimate for PAF. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched from inception to August 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: This review included prospective cohort studies, with men and women aged ≥18 years old, investigating the PAF attributable to leisure-time PI related to coronary artery diseases, hypertension and stroke. RESULTS: The PAF estimates of the three studies included were 13% (3%-22%) for 'stage-1 hypertension' subtype incidence due to 'non-regular exercise'; 25% (10.4%-35.8%) for 'stage-2 hypertension' subtype incidence due to 'activity of daily living' and 'vigorous-intensity sports'; and 8.5% (1.7%-16.7%) for 'total: fatal and non-fatal' cardiovascular events of 'incidence and mortality' endpoints due to non-accumulation of 550 kcal/week (subsets not specified). CONCLUSIONS: The PAF estimate exhibited a protective dose-response relationship between hypertension and an increased amount of energy expenditure of leisure-time PI. In order to enhance accuracy of PAF estimates, the following steps are recommended: (1) to clearly define and state the working definition of leisure-time PI and dose using a reliable and valid objective measurement tool; (2) use a clear definition of outcome subtypes and endpoints using reliable and valid objective measures; and (3) estimate PAF using modelling techniques based on prospective data and ensuring to report 95% CI.
Tunaiji et al. (Mon,) conducted a systematic review in Coronary artery diseases, hypertension, and stroke. Leisure-time physical inactivity was evaluated on Population attributable fraction (PAF) of cardiovascular diseases. Leisure-time physical inactivity had a population attributable fraction of 13% for stage-1 hypertension, 25% for stage-2 hypertension, and 8.5% for total cardiovascular events.