Contribution of Historical Global Warming to Local‐Scale Heavy Precipitation in Western Japan Estimated by Large Ensemble High‐Resolution Simulations

Abstract Large ensemble pairs of high‐resolution global and regional climate simulations, which are composed of 100 members of 60 years each, make it possible to attribute changes in local‐scale heavy precipitation to historical global warming. Mountain ranges separate local climates and can modulate the impact of global warming on heavy precipitation. In the summer, Japan's Kyushu region, with mountain ranges approximately 200‐km long from south to north, receives large amounts of precipitation. Over western Kyushu, the monthly maximum daily precipitation ( maxPr daily ) in July increases due to historical global warming, while the maxPr daily is unchanged over eastern Kyushu. Moisture advection and convergence due to stationary weather fronts are primary factors causing heavy precipitation in western Kyushu and moistening due to warming increases the maxPr daily . On the other hand, typhoons heading to Kyushu are related to heavy precipitation over eastern Kyushu. The changes in typhoons heading to Kyushu result in unchanged maxPr daily in eastern Kyushu. Our results suggest that local‐scale mountain ranges can change synoptic‐scale disturbances causing heavy precipitation and modulate the impact of historical global warming on heavy precipitation across mountain ranges.