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A flipped classroom is a teaching-learning environment in which students self-learn content by watching video lectures outside of the classroom and engage in learner-centered activities in the classroom with the guidance of an instructor� Earlier research into programming education has shown that students in the traditional classroom find introductory programming courses hard� This experimental study compared the effectiveness of a flipped classroom (experimental group, N=48) with a traditional classroom (control group, N=52) in two areas: 1� programming self-efficacy; and 2� academic performance� The results show that the students in the flipped classroom increased programming self-efficacy and achieved higher grades�
Souza et al. (Tue,) studied this question.