Sleep Staging Monitoring Based on Sonar Smartphone Technology

This paper presents the validation results of a new non-contact ultrasonic technology, which employs inaudible Sonar to monitor the movements and respiration of a subject in bed. Sleep monitoring can be achieved by placing a smartphone onto the bedside table and starting a custom app. The app employs sophisticated and novel proprietary algorithms to identify sleep stages: Wake (W), Light Sleep (N1, N2 sleep), Deep Sleep (N3 sleep), Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep or Absence.The sleep staging performance of the app were assessed by testing it against expert manually scored polysomnography (PSG) of 38 subjects gathered in a sleep laboratory. As a secondary assessment, on the same dataset, the performance of the app is compared to that of a reference non-contact device, the S+ by ResMed.Performance across different sleep stage detections was balanced, exceeding the agreement typically reported for actigraphy based devices 1, 2 thanks to a significantly higher sensitivity for all sleep stages. Furthermore, the performance of the app was found to be comparable to the S+ by ResMed product 3, 4.The combination of unobtrusive non-contact sensing and accurate sleep quality assessment, coupled with removal of the requirement to purchase a custom device to enable monitoring of sleep, enables consumers to measure their sleep in the home environment in a zero-cost and accessible manner, while providing sleep staging information not otherwise available with actigraphy based devices.