Increased BMI in children aged 9-11 years was associated with significantly reduced prefrontal cortical thickness and lower executive function, which was partially mediated by the reduced thickness.
Cross-Sectional (n=2,700)
Is childhood obesity associated with differences in cortical structure and executive function?
Childhood obesity is associated with compromised executive function, which may be partly explained by reduced cortical thickness in the prefrontal cortex.
The development of executive function is linked to maturation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in childhood. Childhood obesity has been associated with changes in brain structure, particularly in PFC, as well as deficits in executive functions. We aimed to determine whether differences in cortical structure mediate the relationship between executive function and childhood obesity. We analyzed MR-derived measures of cortical thickness for 2700 children between the ages of 9 and 11 years, recruited as part of the NIH Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We related our findings to measures of executive function and body mass index (BMI). In our analysis, increased BMI was associated with significantly reduced mean cortical thickness, as well as specific bilateral reduced cortical thickness in prefrontal cortical regions. This relationship remained after accounting for age, sex, race, parental education, household income, birth-weight, and in-scanner motion. Increased BMI was also associated with lower executive function. Reduced thickness in the rostral medial and superior frontal cortex, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex partially accounted for reductions in executive function. These results suggest that childhood obesity is associated with compromised executive function. This relationship may be partly explained by BMI-associated reduced cortical thickness in the PFC.
Ronan et al. (Thu,) conducted a cross-sectional in Childhood obesity (n=2,700). Increased BMI was evaluated on Cortical thickness and executive function. Increased BMI in children aged 9-11 years was associated with significantly reduced prefrontal cortical thickness and lower executive function, which was partially mediated by the reduced thickness.
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