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A rational leader selection strategy can enhance a swarm to manage the convergence and diversity during the entire search process. In this article, a novel adaptive multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is proposed on the basis of an evolutionary state estimation mechanism, which is used to detect the evolutionary environment whether in exploitation or exploration state. During the search process, different types of leaders, such as a convergence global best solution (c-gBest) and several diversity global best solutions (d-gBests), are to be selected from the external archive for particles under different evolutionary environments. The c-gBest is selected for improving the convergence when the swarm is in an exploitation state, while the d-gBests are chosen for enhancing the diversity in an exploration state. Furthermore, a modified archive maintenance strategy based on some predefined reference points is adopted to maximize the diversity of the Pareto solutions in the external archive. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs significantly better than the several state-of-the-art multiobjective PSO algorithms and multiobjective evolutionary algorithms on 31 benchmark functions in terms of convergence and diversity of those obtained approximate Pareto fronts.
Wu et al. (Tue,) studied this question.