Does failure in virtual reality simulation affect subjective estimates of cognitive load?
Subjective questionnaires for estimating cognitive load in simulation training may be biased by participant frustration after failure.
Questionnaires for estimation of CL seem to be affected by participant frustration after failure-a meta-cognitive "carry-over" effect. This could be a general limitation of the subjective questionnaire approach to estimate CL. Reducing CL through instructional design and handling of participant frustration might improve the learning outcome of simulation training programs.
Rölfing et al. (Thu,) studied this question.