How intersectoral policy networks shape affordable housing outcomes

Affordable housing policy is increasingly formulated and delivered through complex policy networks comprised of state, not-for-profit and for-profit actors. While these arrangements may generate new ideas and create space for more democratic decision-making, international case studies have shown that the devolution of policy responsibility has resulted in increasingly marketised housing solutions and reduced support for low income households. Policy network literature presents a valuable lens for analysing the degree to which state and non-state actors are capable of and willing to shape policy discourses and outcomes. This paper presents a new conceptual framework and typology for interpreting policy networks, identifying integrated vertical governance, advocacy coalitions and agenda setting and shared understandings as central to housing policy and outcomes. Drawing on 54 interviews conducted with members of affordable housing policy networks in Melbourne, Toronto, Vancouver, and Portland, the paper also provides a longitudinal, comparative analysis of policy networks in these cities. We provide insights into the implications of ‘hollowed out’ governance structures characterised by limited internal capacity and steering power. We also comment on the relative success of each city’s network in advocating for increased affordable housing outcomes.