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Utilities today are facing unprecedented challenges due to more stringent regulations, environmental concerns, and a growing demand for reliable electricity. Meanwhile, according to U.S. Department of Energy?s statistics, 70% of the grid's transmission lines and power transformers are more than 25 years old. Without upgrades and enhancements, the grid will continue to age, increasing the risk of service interruptions and limiting the integration of renewable resources. It will also be severely challenged by the intermittency of supply and the uncertainty in load.
Fardanesh et al. (2020) studied this question.