Redox Flow Batteries: How to Determine Electrochemical Kinetic Parameters

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising energy storage candidates for grid deployment of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy. Various new redox-active materials have been introduced to develop cost-effective and high-power-density next-generation RFBs. Electrochemical kinetics play critical roles in influencing RFB performance, notably the overpotential and cell power density. Thus, determining the kinetic parameters for the employed redox-active species is essential. In this Perspective, we provide the background, guidelines, and limitations for a proposed electrochemical protocol to define the kinetics of redox-active species in RFBs.