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By rescaling the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) coupling constant α α/ (D-4) and considering the D 4 limit, the GB gravity gives rise to nontrivial modification of general relativity in four dimensions. In this work, we investigate the realization of the emergent universe scenario in the 4 D GB gravity. First, we obtain the Einstein static universe filled with a perfect fluid. Then, we show that both spatially closed and open universes can be stable against both homogeneous and inhomogeneous scalar perturbations simultaneously.
Li et al. (Sun,) studied this question.