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The book's last chapter pursues a nonrational view of planning rooted in psychodynamics. Drawing from work on autocommunication, Broms and Gahmberg treat plans as forms of intrapersonal communicationprojecting hope, vision, and ego enhancement. This chapter echoes the position that the process of planning is more salient than the product or its implementation. The authors, however, need to distinguish their view of planning from conceptualizations of plans as advertisements, as games, or as excuses for interaction (March and Olsen, 1979; Weick, 1979).
A Sun, study studied this question.