Direct Spectroscopic Observation of the Hole Polaron in Lead Halide Perovskites

octahedral framework induces a stronger hole polaron effect due to the hybridization of its p orbital into valence and conduction bands, correlating with the slower charge carrier recombination dynamics. Our direct experimental observation of the localized hole polaron in perovskites should advance the fundamental comprehension of charge carrier behavior within LHPs and their related devices.