Gold Nanostructures and Microstructures with Tunable Aspect Ratios for High-Speed Uni- and Multidirectional Photonic Applications

Structural identifications of different geometrical shapes of gold nanostructures (nanoparticles) and microstructures (particles) are presented here. The nucleation mechanism of nanoparticles and particles having geometrical shapes, which has never been reported before, is discussed here. A dimensional regularity of particles in geometrical shapes is also discussed. Two different zones have been found at an electronically flat solution surface developing tiny-shaped particles in less elongation of atoms and in more elongation of atoms. Tiny-shaped particles in less elongation of atoms develop in the zone consisting of regions rearward to the north pole at the solution surface. They nucleate (and develop) particles of one-dimensional (1D) shapes. Tiny-shaped particles in more elongation of atoms develop in the zone consisting of regions of east–west poles. They nucleate (and develop) particles of multidimensional (MD) shapes. Upon modification or conversion of arrays of tiny-shaped particles into structures of smooth elements, they assemble at a common point to nucleate particles of 1D and MD shapes. A common point is located at the center of concave meniscus, which is also in the center of light glow at solution surface. At an electronically decreasing level solution surface, each structure of smooth element deals with the force in the immersing format. The force exerting in the immersing format is based on the simultaneous action of four forces to a structure of smooth element coming to assemble there. In addition to the acquired orientation of an electron and the position of its atom at the solution surface, the manner of energy knot clamping to an electron in an atom also varies the exertion of force for it. Particles of geometrical shapes show different structures in 1D and MD shapes, so they can deal with the propagation of photons unidirectionally and multidirectionally. Upon identification of the structures of 1D and MD shapes, the mechanism of photon reversion is disclosed. Printing spots of reverted force in photons reflected from the laterally orientated electrons of less and more elongated atoms validate that the photons are not carried by the electrons, so it is a photon reflection instead of an electron diffraction in the selected area patterns of the particles. On the basis of the discussion presented here, the law of reflection in studying the prism/glass surface also needs to be amended.