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This article introduces a robust optimal week-ahead generation scheduling approach that takes into account plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) considering uncertainty in loads, renewable energy resources, and PHEV charging behavior. Due to the complexity of the scheduling process there is crucial need for a reliable optimal algorithm. The proposed approach can be applied in energy management platforms of decarbonized eco-friendly power systems. Generation scheduling is modeled as a multi-objective optimization problem: (a) minimize generation production cost and (b) minimize emission costs. The focal concern is to (a) handle the scheduling of renewable energy resources against their volatilities, (b) integrating PHEVs with uncertainties related to their state of charge, and (c) stochastic load behavior over a whole week. Two heuristic-based algorithms are used to solve the optimization problem, namely Water Cycle Algorithm and Gravitational Search Algorithm The proposed scheduling approach is implemented in MATLAB R Platform, and is tested using two different microgrids sizes, 3 generator, and 10 generator unit systems integrating the effect of week days profile, renewable energy intermittency and different PHEV state of charges using the IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS) data. The results show promising performance of GSA over the WCA in the energy management studies integrating three different types of sources; thermal units, Renewable Energy Resources (RERs), and the PHEVs.
Swief et al. (2020) studied this question.