Various in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro techniques are available for assessing different aspects of human endothelial function, including vascular tone, permeability, anticoagulation, and biomarkers.
The endothelium is recognized to play an important role in various physiological functions including vascular tone, permeability, anticoagulation, and angiogenesis. Endothelial dysfunction is increasingly recognized to contribute to pathophysiology of many disease states, and depending on the disease stimuli, mechanisms underlying the endothelial dysfunction may be markedly different. As such, numerous techniques to measure different aspects of endothelial dysfunction have been developed and refined as available technology improves. Current available reviews on quantifying endothelial dysfunction generally concentrate on a single aspect of endothelial function, although diseases may affect more than one aspect of endothelial function. Here, we aim to provide an overview on the techniques available for the assessment of the different aspects of endothelial function in humans, human tissues or cells, namely vascular tone modulation, permeability, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis, and the use of endothelial biomarkers as predictors of outcomes.
Chia et al. (Wed,) conducted a review in Endothelial dysfunction. Assessment of endothelial function was evaluated. Various in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro techniques are available for assessing different aspects of human endothelial function, including vascular tone, permeability, anticoagulation, and biomarkers.