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The use of digital representations of physical objects allows to simulate phenomena and predict behaviours. The representativeness of a model is based on the congruency between the code, the survey and the modelling strategies. In terms of physical space, two important approaches are the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM). GIS approach is intended to code environmental information based on geographical references. BIM approach is intended to code buildings in terms of their components, generating parametric descriptions. For historic buildings, BIM extends to the so-called Historical BIM models (HBIM). Together, these strategies allow coding territorial-scale entities, such as historical centres. An application for these models would be the simulation of risk situations, leading to vulnerability analysis. Despite the existence of GIS-BIM-HBIM integration examples, most of their procedures are designed to fit with a specific case study, which questions the suitability of a general coding framework. This paper presents a vision of state-of-the-art technologies and strategies for coding, surveying and model historical centres, with emphases on the analysis of urban vulnerability and risk. Finally, we propose a general comprehensive framework on the convergences of GIS-BIM-HBIM technologies and successful practices.
Eudave et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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