Tutorial on the emergence of local substructure failures in the railway track structure and their renewal with existing and new methodologies

The construction and maintenance of a railway track is an expensive process. Therefore, nowadays, except for advanced countries, considerable attention must be paid to apply the optimal maintenance of railway lines. In Hungary, until 2020 nearly 11% of railway tracks were renewed and rehabilitated from EU support, which means millions of Euros, i.e. billions of Hungarian Forints. It also follows from the support that planned preventive maintenance works must be performed on the renewed and rehabilitated lines. On the other hand, it takes away significant costs from the non-renewed (non-rehabilitated) lines maintenance works, but naturally, less money does not mean less failures, so cost-effective technologies are needed. A segment of maintenance is the local substructure problem(s). In this article, this segment will be mentioned from the development of the failures, through the applied technologies, to the possible new solutions like injection and the using of geosynthetic cementitious composite mats (so called GCCMs).