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The coastal community of Mazunte, Oaxaca, faced just this dilemma when the Mexican government banned the killing of sea turtles in 1990. Since the early 1980s Hector Marcelli has promoted sustainable development in the region, seeking to balance a fragile ecosystem with the needs of the impoverished local population. It made little sense to Hector that Mazunte, a community so rich in natural resources, should live in poverty. He set to work with community members to develop environmentally sustainable alternatives to the turtle trade. Hector founded a national organization, Bioplaneta, to promote fair trade, organic agriculture and sustainable development across the country. Bioplaneta seeks to create fair-trade links between small producers and consumers, providing technical, diagnostic and financial assistance to over 40 small cooperatives. The Bioplaneta network has experienced impressive successes as well as challenges.
Freimann et al. (Fri,) studied this question.