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In this paper, I respond to the editors request that I look back on the concept of soft power that I first published in 1990. I describe my approach to power; explain the origins of the soft power concept in relation to the academic debates in international relations, and respond to several criticisms of the concept. I then discuss coercion and voluntarism illustrated by the concept of sharp power, and conclude by describing the evolution of the concept in relation to policy interests of several countries.
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Joseph S. Nye (Sat,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/69db1cea1e19c8ae08836383 — DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379x.2021.1879572
Joseph S. Nye
Journal of Political Power
Harvard University
John F. Kennedy University
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