The role of the learning environment in adolescents’ motivational development

Abstract Past research has continuously shown that motivation in school declines across adolescence. To counteract potential declines in educational practice, the present study examines the motivational development of early and middle adolescent students within one school year and across two distinctive learning environments: a conventional teacher-directed learning environment and an individualized student-directed learning environment based on competency matrices. Based on a sample of 1153 ( M age = 13.97, SD = 1.37, 49% girls) students from grades 7 to 10, latent change analyses were conducted to examine within-school year changes in general self-efficacy and intrinsic value. Significant interaction effects of age and learning environment suggest that motivational trajectories may diverge from the consistent motivational declines that have been demonstrated by past research. Students from both learning environments differed in their general self-efficacy, but not in their intrinsic value.