Ginsenoside Rd attenuates mouse experimental autoimmune neuritis by modulating monocyte subsets conversion

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), characterized by peripheral nerve demyelination and axonal damage, is initiated and aggravated through various of immunopathogenesis. Ginsenoside Rd, main active components extracted from ginseng saponins, is known to exhibit immune-regulate functions in many immune-mediated diseases. However, the evidence of preventive effect of Ginsenoside Rd on GBS is lacking. Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) mice, classic model of GBS, were established and treated with GSRd or vehicle. Clinical score and nerve tissue histomorphology were evaluated. Monocytes in peripheral blood and tissue were detected by flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence staining. For the in vitro study, GSRd and vehicle were added in the culture medium to assess their regulatory function on monocytes phenotype. In vivo data showed a protective role of GSRd on alleviating symptoms and tissue damage on Day 20 and 25. Administration of GSRd increased non-classical Ly6Clo monocytes in both peripheral blood and injured nerve tissue, and also switched tissue macrophages phenotype into resolution-phase. In vitro study indicated similar role of GSRd on monocytes differentiation status. Transcription factors like Nr4a1 were elevated after GSRd treatment. These findings revealed the protective role of GSRd against EAN, and potential preventive function on GBS patients.