Enforced reconciliation without justice: The absence of procedural, retributive, and restorative justice in the “Comfort Women” Agreement of 2015

Abstract Using a combination of theory and case study analysis, this article aims to show that the “Comfort Women” Agreement, ratified on December 28, 2015 between South Korea and Japan, lacks procedural, retributive, and restorative justice, with subsequent effects on the chances of reconciliation between the two countries and of restoring the honor and dignity of victims. This outcome prompts important questions regarding the role of agency and authority in reconciliation, namely, whether a government has the right to reconcile on behalf of victims, and whether the views of survivors and involvement of the public should be excluded in favor of confidentiality and efficiency. In discussing these matters, this article seeks to provide a solution to the “comfort women” issue, while illuminating its implications for the future relationship between South Korea and Japan.