Regional Differences in the Glycosaminoglycan Role in Porcine Scleral Hydration and Mechanical Behavior

Purpose: This study characterized the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the hydration, thickness, and biomechanical properties of posterior and anterior porcine sclera. Methods: The scleral discs and strips were obtained from the anterior and posterior parts of porcine eyes, and their initial hydration and thickness were measured. The anterior and posterior scleral discs were used to show the efficacy of the GAG removal protocol by quantifying their GAG content. The strips were divided into three groups of PBS treatment, buffer treatment, and enzyme treatment in order to assess the effects of different treatment procedures on the thickness, hydration, and viscoelastic properties of the samples. The mechanical properties of the strips were determined by performing uniaxial tensile stress relaxation experiments. Results: It was found that the control and buffer groups had insignificant differences in all measured quantities. The samples from the posterior region had a significantly larger GAG content and thickness in comparison with those from anterior region; however, there was an insignificant difference in their hydration. The GAG depletion process decreased the hydration of both anterior and posterior samples significantly (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mechanical tests showed that the removal of GAGs resulted in stiffer mechanical behavior in both anterior and posterior samples (P < 0.05). In particular, the peak stress and equilibrium stress were significantly larger for the strips in the enzyme treatment group. Conclusions: GAGs and their interaction with the collagen network are important in defining the hydration and mechanical properties of both posterior and anterior sclera.