The effects of globalization, energy consumption and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in South Asian countries

This study analyzes the relationship between globalization, energy consumption, and economic growth among selected South Asian countries. This study also finds causal association between energy growth and nexus of CO 2 emissions, and employed the premises of the EKC framework. The study used annual time series analysis, starting from 1972 to 2017. The data set has been collected from the world development indicator (WDI). The result of a fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) method describes a significantly worsen the quality environment in the south Asian region. The individual country as Bangladesh shows a positively significant impact on the CO 2 emissions and destroying the level of environment regarding non-renewable energy and globalization index. However, negative and positive growth level (GDP) and square of GDP confirm the EKC hypothesis in this region. This study has identified the causality between GDP growth and carbon emission and found bidirectional causality between economic growth and energy use.